The goal
Players take turns placing stones on the empty intersections of the grid, aiming to surround and control more territory than the opponent. Black plays first. It’s a game of patient area control — the most surrounded empty space, plus captured stones, wins.
Placing stones
On your turn, place one stone of your color on any empty intersection. Stones don’t move once placed — they only leave the board when captured. You may also pass instead of playing; two passes in a row ends the game.
Liberties and capture
Each stone (or connected group of same-color stones) has "liberties" — the empty intersections directly next to it. Remove an opponent group when you fill its last liberty.
- A single stone in open space has up to four liberties (up, down, left, right).
- When you place a stone that fills a group’s final liberty, you capture and remove that whole group.
- You may not play a stone that would have zero liberties — unless that same move captures an enemy group first.
The ko rule
To stop endless back-and-forth recaptures of a single stone, you cannot make a move that returns the board to the exact position it was in on your previous turn. Play elsewhere first, then you may retake.
Ending and scoring
The game ends when both players pass. Each player scores the empty territory their stones fully surround, plus stones they captured (in some scoring systems, plus their stones on the board). The higher total wins. New players: just count surrounded empty points plus captures — it’s close enough to learn with.
Start small
A full 19×19 game is deep and long. The 9×9 board teaches all the rules in a few minutes per game, and 13×13 is a great middle step. Use the size buttons above to print whichever you want.
